Names of seasons, months, celestial bodies, etc.

Li anueves – the seasons

verne – spring

somere – summer

autumne – autumn/fall

hieme – winter

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Li menes – the months

januario – january

februario – february

marco – march      

aprile – april

majo – may

junie – june

julio – july

augusto – august

septembre – september

oktobre – october

novembre – november        

decembre – december

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Li vikadies – the days of the week

lundie – monday

mardie – tuesday

wensdie – wednesday

torsdie – thursday

freidie – friday

samdie – saturday
soldie – sunday

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Li keludirekcios – the cardinal directions

este – east

norte – north

sud – south

weste – west

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Kelukorpores – celestial bodies

sole – sun (as a general term)

Helie – proper noun for our sun

luna – moon (as a general term)

Selene – proper noun for the earth's moon

Merkurie – Mercury

Venera – Venus

Gee – Earth (the planet, as a whole; tera = soil, landmass)

Marte – Mars

Jupiter – Jupiter 

Saturno – Saturn

Urano – Uranus

Neptuno – Neptune

Pluto – Pluto

astre, kelukorpore – celestial body 
sterne – star

planeta – planet 

planetula – asteroid, planetoid

kometa/kaudasterne* – comet

astrule – meteoroid

fugoastre – shooting star

Belte di planetulas – asteroid belt

Nefele di Oort – Oort cloud

Belte di Kuiper – Kuiper belt

intersternali nebule – interstellar nebula

sternokumule – star cluster 
sterneta – constellation

keluspacie; kosme – space

universe – universe

* the latter literally meaning "tail-star" 

Quick overview in English

Spelling and pronunciation